The key components of a disaster management model include strategic planning, hazard assessment, prevention and mitigation, preparedness, response, and recovery.
Strategic Planning
Strategic planning is a description of definite objectives that can be executed and evaluated with a view of improving a business. It helps in forecasting business trends in the near future using indicators such as demographic statistics, economies of scale, prevailing government policies, and technological changes.
Hazard Assessment
This refers to the systematic evaluation and classification of potential risks according to their severity as well as frequency. From the evaluation, a safety boundary is determined, which to a great extent contributes to hazard prevention and management.
Prevention and Mitigation
Prevention refers to all the actions taken to stop the occurrence of a disaster or mitigate the effects of the disaster or emergency. This component includes all activities and actions that prevent or minimize the chances of emergency occurrences.
Preparedness
Preparedness refers to the ability to deal with emergencies in a timely manner. This component involves proper planning of the actions to prevent or lessen hazards. Examples include installing fire extinguishers and smoke detectors.
Response and Risk Management
This component refers to how people need to react to hazards in ways that contribute to their safety while protecting the surrounding environment.
Recovery
Recovery is the perpetual process of coping with changes that affect personal life and the environment after the occurrence of a hazard. During this period, people are supposed to take good care of themselves, other animals, and the environment in ways that minimize extreme monetary burden, and illnesses brought by stress.