The Image of the Current Investor: A Resulting Matrix
Investing requires assessing existing market trends comprehensively, which, in turn, affects the image of investors and their business behavior. Operating in Al-Mazunah Free Zone as a region with rich opportunities and active market participants is dynamic. Based on the interviews with seven respondents, a matrix will be compiled and presented in Table 1 to provide views on what an investor in this zone looks like.
Table 1. The image of the current investor.
As can be seen from this matrix, the respondents assume that the current investment environment in Al-Mazunah Free Zone is active and dynamic, and participants need to have appropriate skills. Experience and ambitions are the qualities that are cited often and mentioned as optimal for working in the area. The awareness of related financial issues, for example, tax regulation, is also an aspect to take into account.
The Time to Invest: A Resulting Matrix
Different investment businesses require distinctive approaches to market assessment and conventions that influence specific decisions. Individual investors are guided by the criterion of seasonality, while other entrepreneurs seek to enter the market at a favorable time when changes in the investment environment can contribute to capital growth. In Table 2, the opinions of the respondents are presented on when entrepreneurs invest in Al-Mazunah Free Zone.
Table 2. The time to invest.
While taking into account the respondents’ answers, one can note that only one of them mentioned the importance of the seasonality aspect of investment. For most others, this criterion was not critical and might be ignored without any problems. Changes in the investment environment were assessed as crucial drivers that could stimulate the decision to become a participant in Al-Mazunah Free Zone and build productive partnerships.
Reasons for Investment: A Resulting Matrix
One of the main factors that can be highlighted through the analysis of the interviews performed is the reason that prompted the respondents to invest in the Al-Mazunah Free Zone. Investors can pursue a variety of goals, including capital growth, building credibility, acquiring valuable partnerships, and other prospects. In Table 3, the respondents’ answers to this question are presented according to their personal vision of business perspectives.
Table 3. Reasons for investment.
The analysis of the respondents’ answers makes it possible to find out the common factors explaining the reasons for investing and the favorable conditions that Al-Mazunah Free Zone offers in contrast to competitors. Firstly, almost all respondents noted the factor of geographical location as one of the main criteria that prompted them to pay attention to this zone. Secondly, the majority of the respondents mentioned a loyal tax policy as one of the advantages. Thirdly, the safety factor was also highlighted as crucial, and government control over Al-Mazunah Free Zone was perceived positively.
The Sources of Information About the Zone: A Resulting Matrix
In addition to the reasons to pay attention to the Al-Mazunah Free Zone, the sources of information about this zone can be cited as important resources to stimulate the interest of the target audience to cooperate. Searching for the data about this region on the Internet, discussing with colleagues, and other channels for obtaining the necessary information are also included in the list of sources. In Table 4, the respondents’ answers are collected about how they learned about Al-Mazunah Free Zone and its features.
Table 4. The sources of information about the zone.
The analysis of the respondents’ answers demonstrates that there were two main ways to learn about Al-Mazunah Free Zone. They learned about it due to recommendations from colleagues and partners and by searching for information on the Internet about potentially successful free zones. None of them mentioned social media because the zone has no accounts on them. At the same time, on the official website, the basic data is presented, which allows contact and discussion of the terms of cooperation.
Ways of Engagement: A Resulting Matrix
Engaging investors in Al-Mazunah Free Zone is an aspect that largely determines the value of the zone’s marketing channels and its recognition among customers. The ability to establish productive interaction with the target audience is a valuable factor that can increase the credibility of the region among competitors. In Table 5, the information from the interviewed investors is compiled concerning how they are engaged in the Al-Mazunah Free Zone.
Table 5. Ways of engagement.
Without exception, all the respondents confirmed that the engagement process took place in the format of remote communication via e-mails and by phone. On the official website of Al-Mazunah Free Zone, the required information is offered. At the same time, the zone does not have official social media accounts, which is perceived by all the respondents as an omission. The engagement phase could be more convenient and advanced if interaction through popular online platforms took place.
Features of Investment Opportunities: A Resulting Matrix
As a rule, when deciding where to allocate available funds, investors assess business opportunities and explore the prospects for operating in a specific market environment. While analyzing the specifics of the Al-Mazunah Free Zone, the respondents of the interviews answered the questions about what characteristics of investment opportunities they compared. In Table 6, their responses are compiled, and each interested party presented a personal vision of these perspectives.
Table 6. Features of investment opportunities.
The geographical location was still one of the key factors that the investors took into account when evaluating their business growth opportunities. As additional characteristics, they mentioned expanding partnerships, free access to the necessary resources, as well as favorable terms of the current tax policy. None of them expressed doubts about business perspectives, which indicates their confidence in the investment potential of the Al-Mazunah Free Zone.
The Choice in a Competitive Environment: A Resulting Matrix
The choice of the Al-Mazunah Free Zone as a region for investment in favor of other competitive zones is an important aspect to review based on the interviews conducted. The respondents provided their opinions on why they chose this zone and selected it as a place to develop their businesses and increase capital. In Table 7, their responses are presented in accordance with the given criterion.
Table 7. The choice in a competitive environment.
All the respondents expressed confidence that the geographical location of the Al-Mazunah Free Zone was one of the main factors that prompted them to opt for this region. Some of them mentioned loyal tax and legal regulations as valuable criteria. At the same time, all, without exception, expressed concern about the current poor infrastructure as a significant gap, which explains the need for the control boards to pay attention to this omission.
Transcript Interview 1
I – Interviewer, J – Jamal Darodh.
I: What is your current job position?
J: I am a director of Gold Star.
I: Where is your company located?
J: This is a Somali company.
I: What type of investment are you planning to apply in relation to Al-Mazunah Free Zone?
J: I am planning to invest funds in a small-scale factory.
I: What is the size of funds you are going to invest?
J: I suppose the sum is approximately $9,000.
I: What reasons have prompted you to look at Al-Mazunah Free Zone as a potential area for investment?
J: I would like to promote my business in a place where the taxation system allows the development of entrepreneurship freely. In addition, my oil production can become more profitable if I take advantage of the available incentives.
I: Have you already started to build the necessary production facilities?
J: No, I have not because the infrastructure is under development, and the construction site is not yet available.
I: Do you rely on seasonality as a yardstick for the success of your business?
J: Yes, I do; my production is organized in such a way that most of the products are manufactured and delivered to the market in winter but not in summer. Therefore, the factor of seasonality plays an important role for me.
I: How did you find out about Al-Mazunah Free Zone and its prospects?
J: I learned about it due to advice and recommendations from colleagues.
I: Can investors learn about this area from the media?
J: I suppose no because Al-Mazunah Free Zone does not have an official social media account, and its individual website is not well organized and designed poorly.
I: What are the key factors that made you look at the zone as a potentially profitable area for investment?
J: I think these are a number of factors combined. Firstly, tax discounts are a good incentive. Secondly, the location of the Al-Mazunah Free Zone is convenient because trade in the region is dynamic, and many market participants concentrate their business in this geographic location. Finally, the rental price is relatively low, which is another driver to pay attention to the Zone.
I: What ways of engagement in Al-Mazunah Free Zone do you find the most convenient?
J: I would prefer contacting by e-mail or by phone.
I: Would you like the zone to have an account on the media?
J: Yes, this is a good means of engagement, but by now, I have not found any official account.
I: What features of investment opportunities do you rely on when evaluating free zones?
J: For me, the location is one of the main drivers. Food products may be delivered to the Middle East from Africa, and the transfer through Yemen to Oman is a profitable route.
I: What does the current investor of Al-Mazunah Free Zone look like?
J: I suppose this is an entrepreneur with clear goals and the desire to increase capital through timely investments.
I: Have you considered some competitors’ activities?
J: Yes, I have, and I paid my attention to Salalah Free Zone. This area is convenient for investment and business promotion because all the necessary resources and services, for instance, raw materials and production sites, are located in close proximity to the city of Salalah.
I: How long may it take you to sign all the necessary documents to start working in Al-Mazunah Free Zone?
J: I believe this may take about 28 days.
I: Are there any challenges that seem crucial to you right now?
J: I am puzzled that the infrastructure in the zone is not ready. Electricity and running water have not yet been supplied, which limits the work process significantly.
I: How are you planning to establish interaction with customers and make communication accessible?
J: I am going to develop an online platform to share feedback and receive orders. Communication via the Internet is a convenient and accessible way to achieve customer loyalty.
Transcript Interview 2
I – Interviewer, M – Mohammed Jamal.
I: What is your current job position?
M: I am an executive manager at AI-Yemen Alsaeed.
I: What investment type can your company offer to the target market?
M: We have already built a water-bottler factory on the territory of Al-Mazunah Free Zone.
I: How much money have you invested?
M: We have invested approximately $3 million.
I: Through what channels and resources did you find out about Al-Mazunah Free Zone?
M: Recently, the Omani Chamber of Commerce organized a meeting for Yemeni business members in Salalah. Our company was among the guests of this event, and I learned about the zone and its favorable investment prospects.
I: Have you seen the official social media account of Al-Mazunah Free Zone, which could be a means of connecting with other business stakeholders?
M: No, I have not seen any, but I wish I had a chance of interacting via social media.
I: Do you find the official website of Al-Mazunah Free Zone convenient and complete for obtaining the necessary information about investment opportunities?
M: The website is helpful, but it lacks content that could help obtain comprehensive information about the business in the zone.
I: Which marketing channels did attract you most in Al-Mazunah Free Zone?
M: I cannot remember numerous proposals for joining the zone, which would come from different sources. Feedback from other entrepreneurs was the only resource that influenced my choice.
I: How would you describe the Al-Mazunah Free Zone engagement with investors?
M: The mechanism of engagement is sustainable and sufficiently convenient to involve interested parties by e-mail. At the same time, some services may be developed to meet the interests of the target group of stakeholders, for example, the zone’s infrastructure or its participants’ willingness to communicate.
I: Can you confirm that Al-Mazunah Free Zone engages potential investors via social media?
M: No, I did not see the official accounts of the zone on social media, which is an oversight in the modern conditions of digital communication and marketing.
I: Did you try to find the necessary accounts on social media?
M: Yes, I did, but I did not manage to find any.
I: When did you decide to invest?
M: When I heard about the zone from my colleagues, I understood that changes might occur in the investment environment, and I took a chance.
I: What were the reasons that prompted you to choose Al-Mazunah Free Zone as an area to invest in?
M: One of the main reasons was the zone’s location. Due to the fact that the place is located close to Yemen, manufactured products are sold in this direction. Moreover, the conditions for entrepreneurship are loyal, and the tax legislation is not too demanding and harsh.
I: How can you describe the current investor of Al-Mazunah Free Zone?
M: I believe that an investor in this zone is an experienced entrepreneur who knows what methods of achieving the tasks set can contribute to business success.
I: Did you consider competitors’ proposals when discussing an investment channel, for instance, Salalah Free Zone?
M: Yes, we did, but after studying the information about the rental price, we chose Al-Mazunah Free Zone. In addition, this place suits us best from a geographical perspective.
I: How long did it take you to solve all the conventions with the signing of the necessary documents?
M: All the procedures took us about 40 days.
I: What feature distinguishes Al-Mazunah Free Zone from other similar zones?
M: This is a friendly entrepreneurial environment.
I: Have you faced any challenges yet?
M: Yes, we have. The infrastructure has not been developed, and we have to spend any funds to provide electricity and water supply – about $90,000. Moreover, we have to spend extra money on logistics to ensure the smooth delivery of goods to Yemen.
I: Is the zone loyal to new investors?
M: I suppose yes because we did not face any crucial obstacles when making a deal and discussing the entry conditions.
Transcript Interview 3
I – Interviewer, N – Nwaf Alkhbaji.
I: What type of business does your company promote?
N: I represent the Pacific Ocean Company engaged in retail sales.
I: Where is your company located?
N: This is located in Yemen.
I: What sphere of investment have you chosen?
N: The target sphere is store sales.
I: How much investment have you transferred yet?
N: The current volume is about $1 million.
I: Why did you choose Al-Mazunah Free Zone as a target region?
N: This region is promising from the standpoint of establishing trade relations. In addition, investment is protected by the government regulation of economic processes in the area. A relatively soft financial policy allows getting the necessary profit without high costs for tax payments.
I: How did you learn about Al-Mazunah Free Zone?
N: My colleagues from the food industry told me about this region.
I: Have you tried to find the information about the zone online?
N: Yes, I have. Firstly, I reviewed its website, and then, I tried to find its accounts on social media.
I: Is the online platform useful for potential investors?
N: The website lacks some crucial information about entry specifications. Unfortunately, there are no official accounts on social media, which is also a marketing gap.
I: What channels of engagement do you find the most successful?
N: Contacting by e-mail is the easiest and the most convenient way to communicate.
I: Do responsible boards use any offline strategies to involve investors?
N: The only way I noticed was popularizing the data about Al-Mazunah Free Zone among the current partners for them to disseminate the information about the zone.
I: What is the image of an investor in the zone?
N: I hope there is one crucial condition: an investor needs to be experienced because working in such a dynamic market requires the knowledge of various business aspects.
I: What factor is the most important for you to invest in this region?
N: Our company specializes in sales, and the aspect of the border location is valuable. The seasonality criterion is not critical, but an opportunity to trade in several countries expands the potential sphere of influence.
I: What opportunities do you find the most important when deciding to invest in free zones?
N: I am guided by the aspect of the potential profit. Investing in deliberately unsuccessful projects is pointless, but in relation to Al-Mazunah Free Zone, I have concluded that its geographical location and the number of participants are positive factors for trade.
I: Was there a choice to invest in competitive regions?
N: I considered investing in the Salalah Free Zone. Nevertheless, despite its development, our company chose Al-Mazunah Free Zone as a region with a potentially large number of interested parties.
I: Will it take much time for investors to settle the issues with the signing of the contract?
N: I believe no. We needed no more than 30 days.
I: Have you already faced any challenges or obstacles to organizing the work process in Al-Mazunah Free Zone?
N: The location is convenient, but its infrastructure is still poor. We need to develop the sales industry, but in current conditions, we can hardly start working immediately due to the lack of stable electricity and water supply.
I: Can you contact the customers freely?
N: Yes, access for customers is easy. We are planning to expand our communication channels and maintain online interaction. This is a crucial aspect to achieve buyer loyalty and ensure the stable growth of the target business.
Transcript Interview 4
I – Interviewer, A – Abdrahim Ahahal.
I: What is your job position at the moment?
A: I am the owner of the Alhalhal Company.
I: Where is your company located?
A: My company is in Yemen.
I: What type of business have you started recently?
A: When entering Al-Mazunah Free Zone, we invested in showrooms for cars.
I: How much money did you invest?
A: $800,000.
I: How did you find out that there are investment opportunities in Al-Mazunah Free Zone?
A: My colleagues have informed me recently. You know, I have been searching for a region to invest in for a long time, and when I learned about this zone, my team and I decided to opt for it.
I: What is the best thing you have learned about the zone?
A: Its tax legislation is not as strict as in many other free zones. Moreover, we can count on additional services, including transportation, clearing, and other necessary options.
I: What is the image of a modern investor in the Al-Mazunah Free Zone?
A: I believe this is an active and ambitious entrepreneur with clear business goals.
I: Did you review the information about the zone on the Internet before starting your business there?
A: Yes, I did. Unfortunately, I did not manage to find their accounts on social media, but they have a website. This is enough for me.
I: How did you engage in Al-Mazunah Free Zone during the engagement phase?
A: Nothing special, we just communicated with our partners by phone or e-mail, this was easy.
I: Did you discuss any other ways of engagement?
A: No, I did not. But again, they do not have accounts on social media. We will probably offer them to work in this direction in the future.
I: What features of investment opportunities did you compare when evaluating choices of investment in free zones?
A: For me, constant access to companies’ resources is important, including its facilities and documentation. Also, I prefer to invest in a business that I can control on my own.
I: Are there any factors that prompted you to invest in this free zone and refuse competitors’ services?
A: Yes, sure. I relied on marketing opportunities when making this deal. Our business does not depend on seasonality. Our cars are not perishable. That is why a chance to attract new customers was the best perspective.
I: Did you consider investing in other free zones?
A: No, when studying all the nuances of the Al-Mazunah Free Zone, we decided that we should promote our business here.
I: What does the current investor of Al-Mazyunah Free Zone look like?
A: A good question. I suppose this is an investor who understands different aspects, for example, tax reporting or legal regulation, and can apply this knowledge in an active environment.
I: When, in your opinion, do investors pay attention to Al-Mazunah Free Zone as a potentially profitable market to develop their business?
A: I think this concerns those investors who look for safe and perspective channels to develop their business. The zone is protected by the government, which is a benefit for entrepreneurs.
I: Have you faced any challenges when working in Al-Mazunah Free Zone?
A: We have come to the conclusion that the lack of stable water and electricity supply are the main problems of the infrastructure. I hope the responsible boards will fix these issues soon.
I: Have you already resolved the issue with signing the necessary documents?
A: Yes, sure, it took us about 25 days. This is not too long.
I: How are you going to maintain customer loyalty and advocate for buyer protection?
A: We are planning to establish contacts with partners and promote our business among the target audience by providing them with safe conditions for cooperating. I hope we will manage to save client trust and satisfaction.
Transcript Interview 5
I – Interviewer, S – Salim bin Yamani.
I: What post do you occupy now?
S: I am a general manager of the Ymani Company.
I: Where is your company located?
S: It is in Yemen.
I: What type of investment do you promote in Al-Mazunah Free Zone?
S: We have developed the store business and engaged new partners to maintain productive business relationships.
I: What was the planned size of investment?
S: About $300,000.
I: What sources helped you find out about Al-Mazunah Free Zone?
S: Our company is in Yemen, and most investors today are well aware of this region. For the first time, I learned about it on the Internet when searching for potentially successful business opportunities.
I: What made you choose this zone?
S: I paid attention to a loyal tax policy and a relatively low rental price compared to other similar regions in the Middle East.
I: What marketing channels did attract you most?
S: I was glad to know that Al-Mazunah Free Zone is well-known on the Internet. Unfortunately, I have found out that they have no accounts on social media.
I: Did you like their official website when you sat it for the first time?
S: To tell the truth, I was not satisfied comprehensively. I was missing the details. Overall though, I got the information I needed.
I: How did you engage with Al-Mazunah Free Zone during the engagement phase?
S: I contacted potential partners via e-mail. We exchanged contacts, and our subsequent communication took place by phone.
I: Did you have an opportunity to engage with your potential partners on social media?
S: No, I did not. I was informed that Al-Mazunah Free Zone had no official accounts.
I: What does the current investor of Al-Mazunah Free Zone look like?
S: I think this is a person who is ready for long business cooperation. The zone offers favorable conditions for investment, but for successful work, a potential participant needs to have sufficient capital. In addition, I would advise having experience in investing to work in this region.
I: When should investors consider working in the zone?
S: As for me, I was not guided by the aspect of seasonality. At the same time, there are options for promotions or changes in the investor environment when the conditions for entering the market are optimal. Potential participants should control these processes and choose the right moment.
I: What investment opportunities were you guided by when considering your work in Al-Mazunah Free Zone?
S: I was interested in the location. Our company is in Yemen, but I would like to expand the business abroad.
I: Should investors pay attention to the activities of competitors?
S: They can, but they should also take into account some obstacles. In Al-Mazunah Free Zone, there are conditions for investing. Other zones are removed from borders and do not have a sufficient number of clients.
I: Have you faced any challenges?
S: There is one serious nuance – infrastructure. Our shop business requires a constant and stable supply of water and electricity. Until now, Al-Mazunah Free Zone has no managed to organize this.
I: Does it take much time to sign the necessary papers?
S: No, not much. We were able to resolve all the issues in one month.
I: Is the current policy loyal to new entrants?
S: Yes, it is. We have all the resources to start investing.
I: Do you have conditions to advocate for client safety?
S: We have already prepared the necessary loyalty background and maintaining safety and free access are among our priority tasks to reach in the shortest possible time.
Transcript Interview 6
I – Interviewer, M – Mohammed Ali.
I: What is the name of your company?
M: The Al Jabel Trade Company.
I: What is your current position?
M: I am a deputy managing director.
I: What is the business sphere of your company?
M: We are engaged in the store business.
I: How much funds did you invest?
M: We invested $400,000.
I: Where is your company located?
M: The head office is in Yemen.
I: How did you find out about the activities in Al-Mazyunah Free Zone?
M: The manager of the company contracted partners who spoke about the possibility of investing in this region.
I: What attracted you most to this zone?
M: After reviewing all the financial and legal aspects, we came to the conclusion that Al-Mazunah Free Zone was a safe and potentially profitable region to invest in. We liked its tax system and loyalty to new entrants.
I: Were there any marketing channels that attracted you?
M: The only channel we used was the advertisement on the official website.
I: Do you like this website?
M: In general, yes. There is no unnecessary information on it. Although, for the convenience of potential partners, more advertising materials and contacts could be placed.
I: Did you find the official account of Al-Mazunah Free Zone on social media?
M: Yes, we did, but in vain. As we were informed by representatives of the zone, so far, it had no official accounts.
I: How did you engage with Al-Mazunah Free Zone?
M: It was easy. There are all the contacts on the websites, and we communicated by phone.
I: What is the image of a modern investor in the Al-Mazunah Free Zone?
M: Well, I think this is an ambitious market participant with long-term development goals.
I: When do investors usually pay attention to this zone as a target region?
M: For some, this cooperation is useful due to seasonality. Our business does not depend on seasons, and we were guided by the trend in the investor environment.
I: What investment opportunities in Al-Mazunah Free Zone are the most beneficial?
M: We can expand our business and cooperate with other companies in the Middle East. In addition, we can promote ourselves due to a convenient geographical location on the border with Oman.
I: Can you name any factors that prompted you to pay attention to Al-Mazunah Free Zone instead of its competitors?
M: We were glad to know that the zone provided free entrance opportunities. For example, in Salalah, the entrance conditions are harsher, and its tax policy is less loyal. Moreover, we have already resolved all the issues regarding our legal liability.
I: Were you satisfied with the conditions of work in the zone?
M: Some aspects still need reorganizing. We paid attention to the Salalah zone as an area with convenient infrastructure, and this was one of the potential factors to change our choice in favor of this zone.
I: Can you argue that in Al-Mazunah Free Zone, there are problems with maintaining infrastructure?
M: By now, we have faced the issue of the lack of stable water and electricity supply. This is currently the main challenge.
I: Have you already signed the necessary documents?
M: Yes, we have. It took us no more than 20 days, and now, everything is okay.
I: Can you access the accessibility of customers?
M: We are satisfied with the current customer loyalty principles promoted in Al-Mazunah Free Zone, and we are ready to develop our business in this direction.
Transcript Interview 7
I – Interviewer, S – Sleem Hyder.
I: What is your company?
S: I represent Sana Cars.
I: What is your current job position?
S: I am an owner.
I: Where is the company located?
S: It is in Yemen.
I: What type of investment do you promote?
S: We focus on showrooms for cars.
I: What was the planned investment size?
S: So far, we have invested about $270,000.
I: How did you know about investment opportunities in Al-Mazunah Free Zone?
S: I browsed the Internet and found its website.
I: Are there any other marketing channels that you find helpful?
S: No, I have not been able to find any other resources to obtain the necessary information.
I: What factors made you pay attention to this region?
S: Well, when searching for a region for investment, we wanted to find a profitable market with loyal tax conditions. After reviewing the conditions of the Al-Mazunah Free Zone, we found them acceptable.
I: Did you receive the information you needed on the website?
S: Not all we needed. The website provides e-mails and telephone contacts.
I: Did you try to find the zone’s social media accounts?
S: I personally did not, but my subordinates told me that Al-Mazunah Free Zone had no such accounts.
I: What engaging ways do you consider the best?
S: Contacting by phone is the most reliable engagement way, I suppose.
I: What type of investor fits the business in Al-Mazunah Free Zone most?
S: I believe in active participation, and I am sure that open-minded investors can succeed.
I: When should investors enter Al-Mazunah Free Zone?
S: For us, the question was why, not when. We do not depend on seasonality, and the main reason was a chance to expand business opportunities and establish beneficial partnerships.
I: Did you compare investment opportunities in Al-Mazunah Free Zone with those in other zones?
S: We did, but initially, we counted on this zone. It is near the border with Oman, and constant customer flows are potentially valuable to our business.
I: Would you like to change anything in the zone?
S: We have not worked there so far, but I would like to strengthen the local infrastructure.
I: Have you heard about challenges and barriers?
S: Do mean investment challenges?
I: Any you know.
S: Well, we, fortunately, have not faced severe troubles yet. Some problems with electricity and water supply are probably temporary. The government is unlikely to leave this issue unresolved.
I: Did it take you much time to sign the papers and start your work?
S: Based on the current results, we needed only one month. This is not too long compared with other zones.
I: How would you rate the accessibility of customers Al-Mazunah Free Zone?
S: I have not noticed any barriers or constraints. The zone is loyal to both investors and customers. I hope we will manage to maintain productive cooperation.